Controlling cell death prevents skin inflammation

ScienceDaily (Oct. 13, 2011) ? The outer layer of the skin, called the epidermis, forms a critical physical and immunological wall that serves as the body's first line of defense against potentially harmful microorganisms. Most of the epidermis consists of cells called keratinocytes that build a mechanical barrier but also perform immune functions. Now, a new study published by Cell Press in the October issue of the journal Immunity provides evidence that stopping of a type of regulated cell death called "necroptosis" in keratinocytes is critical for the prevention of skin inflammation.

The Fas Associated Death Domain (FADD) protein interacts with "death receptors" to activate a well-known programmed cell death pathway called apoptosis. Death receptors have also been shown to induce necroptosis, which is a different type of cell death and is mediated by the proteins RIP1 and RIP3. "Previous studies have suggested that prevention of RIP-mediated necroptosis is essential for embryonic development," says senior study author, Dr. Manolis Pasparakis, from the University of Cologne. "However, the physiological significance of the mechanisms regulating necroptosis for normal tissue function and disease pathogenesis remains unclear."

Dr. Pasparakis and colleagues discovered that mice with epidermis-specific ablation of FADD showed spontaneous necroptosis of keratinocytes and developed severe inflammatory skin lesions within a few days of birth. Further, RIP3-dependent necrotic death of FADD-deficient keratinocytes was identified as the initiating event triggering skin inflammation. "In contrast to the well-established role as a mediator of apoptosis, we discovered that FADD performs an essential pro-survival function in keratinocytes that is crucial for the maintenance of a balanced skin immune response and the prevention of skin inflammation," reports Dr. Pasparakis.

Taken together, the findings reveal a previously unrecognized physiological role for FADD in preventing necroptosis of epidermal keratinocytes and identify sensitization of keratinocytes to RIP3-mediated cell death as a potent mechanism triggering skin inflammation. Further, these results suggest that genetic or external factors sensitizing keratinocytes necroptosis could be implicated in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation, a feature of many chronic or acute skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and drug rashes. "Our findings provide a first experimental paradigm that regulation of necroptosis is important for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the prevention of inflammation in the skin," concludes Dr Pasparakis.

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The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Cell Press, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

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Journal Reference:

1. Marion C. Bonnet, Daniela Preukschat, Patrick-Simon Welz, Geert van Loo, Maria A. Ermolaeva, Wilhelm Bloch, Ingo Haase, Manolis Pasparakis. The Adaptor Protein FADD Protects Epidermal Keratinocytes from Necroptosis In Vivo and Prevents Skin Inflammation. Immunity, 13 October 2011 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.08.014

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111013121512.htm

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Learn mobile development

If you have a diploma in I.T. and wish to have the chance to learn development on Android or Apple (IOS) without paying a fee, send an e-mail with your resume to inbox@tankinlian.com.  You will be given the facility to learn the platform at our office, projects that you can do, and a mentor to guide you. You need to spend at least two months on the learning, but you have flexibility to spend half of this time at your home.

Spreading work and reducing unemployment

I read a report that in USA, some workers are putting in  70 hours a week. They work hard, so that they can keep their jobs. But, when those with jobs work long hours, there will be less jobs for the unemployed to take up. This is the problem about the free market system.

Countries with caps on working hours (beyond which the employer has to pay premium overtime rate) allows the available work to be spread to more workers. They also have controls over their immigration. A good example is Australia.

How do small business survive in a competitive world, when they have to pay adequate wages to their workers? They pay less for their premises (and avoid the inflated property prices in countries like Singapore and Hong Kong). They also compete in areas where they have competitive advantage, such as the resource and agriculture sector in Australia. By giving adequate wages and employment to their workers, they have an economy that is more sustainable.

My friend, who developed property in Australia previously, told me the restrictions on property development in Australia. 50% of new developments can be sold to foreigners, but these foreigners have to sell their property only to Australians. This helps to control the inflation of property prices due to the influx of foreign funds.

Other countries, such as Singapore, compete by depressing wages.  This is why the situation in Singapore is rather bad.

Senators Press for Mass Mortgage Refi Plan | Marshfield Real Estate

Wednesday, October 12th, 2011, 12:03 pm

A group of 16 senators sent a letter to regulators Tuesday, pressing for a? plan to boost mortgage refinancing for more homeowners as soon as possible. Such? a plan is being widely discussed admittedly, and now the lawmakers are ready to? see some action.

?Time is of the essence and we urge you to act quickly and aggressively to? ensure that responsible homeowners receive the full benefit of these lower? rates,? the senators said in the letter to Treasury Secretary? Timothy Geithner, Department of Housing and Urban Development? Secretary Shaun Donovan, Federal Housing Finance Agency Acting? Director Edward DeMarco, and National Economic Council Director? Gene Sperling.

In September, President Obama said his administration was working on a plan,? as part of his larger jobs bill, to eliminate fees and negative equity? restrictions to refinance Fannie Mae and Freddie? Mac mortgages. The FHFA is considering changes to the Home Affordable Refinance Program? to get there.

Already, the two are experiencing a refinance boom as the average mortgage rates slipped below 4%? to a new all-time low. According to the senators, there are nearly 19 million? mortgages guaranteed by Fannie and Freddie with interest rates above 5%.

Senators Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.), Johnny Isakson (R-Ga.) and Robert Menendez? (D-N.J.) led the letter Tuesday, pointing to their bill introduced earlier in? the year that would remove the loan-to-value limits, loan-level price? adjustments and second-lien holders from the refinancing process.

?All of these changes can be accomplished administratively and we urge that? you take immediate steps to do so,? the senators said. ?We also support efforts? to address other hurdles that have limited the success of current refinance? programs, including representations and warranties, mortgage insurance, and high? lender origination fees.?

At the Mortgage Bankers Association annual conference in? Chicago Tuesday, HUD Secretary Shaun Donovan said a plan would be coming in the? next few weeks, just as Geithner said before Congress last week.

More than 13 million homeowners have refinanced their mortgage since 2009, he? said, translating to close to $20 billion in savings.

?With HARP responsible for less than 1 million refinancing and mortgage rates? below 4%, we need to pick up the pace. We?ve been engaged in intense discussions? with FHFA, lenders, mortgage insurers and investors to enhance the program and? increase its reach,? Donovan said. ?We hope to have a plan ready in the next? couple of weeks, and we need you to use your resources and your focus to this? effort as well.?

Follow Len and Leslie Marma of Success! Real Estate on their facebook business page, ?Marshfield Matters? ?. click LIKE to receive real estate info and what?s happening in Marshfield.? They also have a blog entitled, ?LenandLeslieMarma.com?

Source: http://marshfieldrealestate.wordpress.com/2011/10/12/senators-press-for-mass-mortgage-refi-plan/

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Occupy Wall Street Protests Goes Global

The protests against corporate greed and failure of government goes global. See http://www.cnbc.com//id/44913817

Except in Singapore. The people are frightened by the strict laws against protest.

Terence Clarke: George Clooney's The Ides of March (Huffington post)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/147734731?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Save your money with the best home insurance quotes

It may involve years of hard work and struggle to realize a dream of a perfect home. A home is more than a structure made up of brick and concrete for some people as they invest a lot of emotions in to it, therefore it needs to be protected. Therefore, seeking home insurance quotes from different insurance companies would help in deciding the most appropriate insurance scheme that fulfills all your needs and does not cost you excessively.

Millions around the globe invest in a home insurance for the safety of their homes giving them peace of mind. Home Insurance is a type of property insurance, which covers private homes, and their contents in case of any calamity like fire, pipe bursts, leaks, earthquakes, floods, thefts and hurricanes.

The American Association of Insurance Services has established certain standards for the coverage, which is provided under any policy. The five different types of classification of coverage include dwelling, other structures, personal property, and loss of use or additional living expenses. Dwelling includes the property where as other structures include garages, sheds, paths, swimming pools, driveways, walls and even hedges. Most mortgage loans in the United States today require that the buyer should invest in a home insurance. In this way, the bank providing the mortgage is protected from any losses.

There are numerous insurance companies over the internet readily offering home insurance quotes , however it is imperative to compare all these services in order to save money. Almost every insurance provider requires the fulfillment of certain criteria such as a good credit rating and personal details of the inhabitants’. A trial period of seven to thirty days is given by many providers where the details of a quote can be assessed and if suitable, can be converted in to an active policy by accepting the payment terms. Companies can offer annual, quarter and monthly payment methods for premium, depending on the preference of the buyer.There are many cases in which people invest in a combined home loan and auto loan from the same company as it helps them in saving a lot of money.

It is advisable to keep reviving insurance providers and not get comfortable with the idea of investing with the same provider over and again. A little research can be helpful in understanding the trends of home insurance quotes and saving a lot of money on your insurance needs. To understand more in detail about home insurance, please visit the website http://www.campbellsolberg.com/.

Should You Buy an Extended Warranty For Your New Car?

When you buy a new car, you would naturally expect not to have any problems with that car for the first few years. And as you probably want to save on any extra expenditure at that time, you may not wish to take out the extended warranty that the car showroom offers you. However, the cost of putting something right if you do not have cover can far outweigh the cost you pay on an extended warranty. And even if you said no in the showroom, you can still get cover after your purchase.

Cars used to be made very simply, and having a good knowledge of mechanics meant you could repair and maintain your car yourself, but this is not so anymore. New technology and the increased use of electronics means a greater potential for failure and it is harder to turn your hand to fixing the problem yourself. Just diagnosing a problem with your car can take up the valuable man hours of your own time, that an extended warranty would cover.

We Buy Any Car

As one of the biggest purchases you will make in your life apart from your house, it is essential that you take out the extra cover to protect and insure you against future problems. We all take out buildings insurance, so why do we not take out an extended warranty on our ten thousand plus dollar purchase of a car? Those of us who go over our household budget with a fine toothcomb, know the importance of an extended warranty. In these fiscally challenging times, an unexpected bill to get your car back on the road, can be a big drain on your monthly disposable income.

Buying a car is a big investment, and it is sensible to protect that investment. Cars do come with certain protection and warranties from dealers, but usually these only cover certain defects and provide for repairs after a certain mileage has been completed. With a greater reliance on our cars, this free cover often does not protect us against many of the potential pitfalls that lie ahead.

Taking out the protection an extending warranty provides you with, will keep you and your family on the road for business and pleasure, and will ensure that you have complete control over your monthly outgoings. So when making that major purchase, consider the protection an extended warranty can afford you, and the peace of mind it will deliver. Garages will gladly charge you hundreds of dollars to put the faults right if you do not have cover, so maybe you should gladly pay that small amount for an extended warranty so that they do not see any more of your money than they have to.

Should You Buy an Extended Warranty For Your New Car?