Contact: Joanna Rooke j.rooke@ee.ucl.ac.uk 44-207-679-9950 University College London
New nanoscale electronic state discovered on graphene sheets
Researchers from the London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN) have discovered electronic stripes, called 'charge density waves', on the surface of the graphene sheets that make up a graphitic superconductor. This is the first time these stripes have been seen on graphene, and the finding is likely to have profound implications for the exploitation of this recently discovered material, which scientists believe will play a key role in the future of nanotechnology. The discovery is reported in Nature Communications, 29th November.
Graphene is a material made up of a single sheet of carbon atoms just one atom thick, and is found in the marks made by a graphite pencil. Graphene has remarkable physical properties and therefore has great technological potential, for example, in transparent electrodes for flat screen TVs, in fast energy-efficient transistors, and in ultra-strong composite materials. Scientists are now devoting huge efforts to understand and control the properties of this material.
The LCN team donated extra electrons to a graphene surface by sliding calcium metal atoms underneath it. One would normally expect these additional electrons to spread out evenly on the graphene surface, just as oil spreads out on water. But by using an instrument known as a scanning tunneling microscope, which can image individual atoms, the researchers have found that the extra electrons arrange themselves spontaneously into nanometer-scale stripes. This unexpected behavior demonstrates that the electrons can have a life of their own which is not connected directly to the underlying atoms. The results inspire many new directions for both science and technology. For example, they suggest a new method for manipulating and encoding information, where binary zeros and ones correspond to stripes running from north to south and running from east to west respectively.
This work is part of an ongoing multi-disciplinary research effort into graphene at the LCN and follows on from the original discovery of superconductivity in the graphite superconductor CaC6 by Weller at al. published in Nature Physics, doi:10.1038/nphys0010.
Professor Jan Zaanen of Leiden University and winner of the prestigious Spinoza prize for, among other things, his role as proponent of the stripe concept for atomically thin materials, commented: "This discovery is another important step towards demonstrating the ubiquity of stripes, and the fact that they appear in the world's simplest host the two-dimensional network of carbon atoms that is graphene means that more great science and applications are not far behind."
###
Notes to Editors:
The paper
'Charge density waves in the graphene sheets of the superconductor CaC6' appears in Nature Communications on 29th November 2001. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1574
Contact details:
For more information, please contact Joanna Rooke at the LCN (tel: +44 (0)20 7679 9950, e-mail: j.rooke@ee.ucl.ac.uk)
About the London Centre for Nanotechnology
The London Centre for Nanotechnology, is a UK-based, multidisciplinary research centre forming the bridge between the physical and biomedical sciences. It was conceived from the outset with a management structure allowing for a clear focus on scientific excellence, exploitation and commercialisation. It brings together two world leaders in nanotechnology, namely University College London and Imperial College London, in a unique operating model that accesses the combined skills of multiple departments, including medicine, chemistry, physics, electronic and electrical engineering, biochemical engineering, materials and earth sciences, and two leading technology transfer offices.
Website: www.london-nano.com
More carbon stories on the LCN website:
http://www.london-nano.com/news-and-events/news/cella-energy-a-step-closer-to-zero-carbon-emissions
http://www.london-nano.com/news-and-events/news/researchers-from-the-lcn-develop-new-hydrogen-storage-technology
http://www.london-nano.com/news-and-events/news/new-funding-charges-energy-research-at-ucl-and-lcn
http://www.london-nano.com/research-and-facilities/highlight/evidence-for-graphene-sheet-driven-superconducting-state-in-graphi
http://www.london-nano.com/research-and-facilities/highlight/neutron-scattering-unravels-the-structure-of-aromatic-pi-pi-intera
http://www.london-nano.com/research-and-facilities/highlight/superconductivity-in-graphite-intercalation-compounds
http://www.london-nano.com/research-and-facilities/highlight/cover-of-the-journal-of-physical-chemistry-april-14-2007
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Contact: Joanna Rooke j.rooke@ee.ucl.ac.uk 44-207-679-9950 University College London
New nanoscale electronic state discovered on graphene sheets
Researchers from the London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN) have discovered electronic stripes, called 'charge density waves', on the surface of the graphene sheets that make up a graphitic superconductor. This is the first time these stripes have been seen on graphene, and the finding is likely to have profound implications for the exploitation of this recently discovered material, which scientists believe will play a key role in the future of nanotechnology. The discovery is reported in Nature Communications, 29th November.
Graphene is a material made up of a single sheet of carbon atoms just one atom thick, and is found in the marks made by a graphite pencil. Graphene has remarkable physical properties and therefore has great technological potential, for example, in transparent electrodes for flat screen TVs, in fast energy-efficient transistors, and in ultra-strong composite materials. Scientists are now devoting huge efforts to understand and control the properties of this material.
The LCN team donated extra electrons to a graphene surface by sliding calcium metal atoms underneath it. One would normally expect these additional electrons to spread out evenly on the graphene surface, just as oil spreads out on water. But by using an instrument known as a scanning tunneling microscope, which can image individual atoms, the researchers have found that the extra electrons arrange themselves spontaneously into nanometer-scale stripes. This unexpected behavior demonstrates that the electrons can have a life of their own which is not connected directly to the underlying atoms. The results inspire many new directions for both science and technology. For example, they suggest a new method for manipulating and encoding information, where binary zeros and ones correspond to stripes running from north to south and running from east to west respectively.
This work is part of an ongoing multi-disciplinary research effort into graphene at the LCN and follows on from the original discovery of superconductivity in the graphite superconductor CaC6 by Weller at al. published in Nature Physics, doi:10.1038/nphys0010.
Professor Jan Zaanen of Leiden University and winner of the prestigious Spinoza prize for, among other things, his role as proponent of the stripe concept for atomically thin materials, commented: "This discovery is another important step towards demonstrating the ubiquity of stripes, and the fact that they appear in the world's simplest host the two-dimensional network of carbon atoms that is graphene means that more great science and applications are not far behind."
###
Notes to Editors:
The paper
'Charge density waves in the graphene sheets of the superconductor CaC6' appears in Nature Communications on 29th November 2001. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1574
Contact details:
For more information, please contact Joanna Rooke at the LCN (tel: +44 (0)20 7679 9950, e-mail: j.rooke@ee.ucl.ac.uk)
About the London Centre for Nanotechnology
The London Centre for Nanotechnology, is a UK-based, multidisciplinary research centre forming the bridge between the physical and biomedical sciences. It was conceived from the outset with a management structure allowing for a clear focus on scientific excellence, exploitation and commercialisation. It brings together two world leaders in nanotechnology, namely University College London and Imperial College London, in a unique operating model that accesses the combined skills of multiple departments, including medicine, chemistry, physics, electronic and electrical engineering, biochemical engineering, materials and earth sciences, and two leading technology transfer offices.
Website: www.london-nano.com
More carbon stories on the LCN website:
http://www.london-nano.com/news-and-events/news/cella-energy-a-step-closer-to-zero-carbon-emissions
http://www.london-nano.com/news-and-events/news/researchers-from-the-lcn-develop-new-hydrogen-storage-technology
http://www.london-nano.com/news-and-events/news/new-funding-charges-energy-research-at-ucl-and-lcn
http://www.london-nano.com/research-and-facilities/highlight/evidence-for-graphene-sheet-driven-superconducting-state-in-graphi
http://www.london-nano.com/research-and-facilities/highlight/neutron-scattering-unravels-the-structure-of-aromatic-pi-pi-intera
http://www.london-nano.com/research-and-facilities/highlight/superconductivity-in-graphite-intercalation-compounds
http://www.london-nano.com/research-and-facilities/highlight/cover-of-the-journal-of-physical-chemistry-april-14-2007
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
When I enter most countries, I have to fill up an detailed immigration form. It contains a lot of information that are taken from my passport.
At the immigration counter, I have to submit my passport to be scanned. All the information are now collected through electronic means.
Why is it necessary for me to spend a lot of time to fill up the information into the immigration form?
I also have to fill up a custom declaration form. I suspect that the form is not being used.
These immigration requirements were created over 20 years ago, in the days before the the electronic scanning of passports. After new technology was introduced, they could be discontinued or modified, but this was not done. Why? Nobody cares. After all, the burden is on the public.
There are a few countries that have taken the simple but bold step to stop the use of the immigration form - Dubai and the European unions. Some other countries have simplified the form considerably, e.g. Australia.
Perhaps, it is time for Singapore to take up this issue with the Asean countries? A good step is to simplify the form, by removing the non-essential information.
Many people in Singapore believed that property prices will never fall in Singapore, due to our limited land and strong economy. They should take into account another important factor - demand for the land. Right now, we are enjoying strong demand from foreigners working in Singapore. But this demand can fall, when there is a global recession. At that time, there will be an over-supply of property and prices will fall. When prices fall, it can take a long time to recover. http://www.cnbc.com//id/45477559
TEHRAN,Iran ? Dozens of hard-line Iranian students have stormed the British Embassy in Tehran, bringing down the British flag and throwing documents from windows.
The students clashed with anti-riot police and chanted "the Embassy of Britain should be taken over" and "death to England."
Tuesday's incident comes two days after Iranian parliament approved a bill that reduces diplomatic relations with Britain following London's support of recently upgraded U.S. sanctions on Tehran.
Certainly, you always desired to have your brand new car. Aside from the fact it?ll make you more popular, it can give you ease in journeying. You also have the potential for going out along with your buddies and family members without a lot of travel expenses. You merely have to allow them to ride along with your car and enjoy. However, there may be a few instances that you may encounter crash even if it?s not your fault. Car insurance can make sure that you will possess the budget in paying for a healthcare facility bills and medications of you and your passengers.
As of now, we already have lots of car insurance packages that are offered to car insurance applicants according to their needs as well as budget. However, a few car insurance packages seem to be useless in case you are going to read its scopes and other details. If you aren?t that used to terms and conditions when it comes to insurances, seek the guidance of the specialists ideally lawyers. You need to be aware that a few insurance firms genuinely make it difficult that you should understand the paragraphs in a contract to ensure that you will not be inclined reading it totally. This is extremely risky on the part of applicants.
Finding the cheapest car insurance ought not sacrifice the quality of its benefits. Remember that there are already plenty of insurance firms which compete merely to contain more applicants. With this, they may offer the lowest auto insurance possible because once more, they are after the number of applicants because for every client, they gain millions of earnings from them every year.
Trying to locate the affordable car insurance plans close to your home is now made simple. You can go to the site cheapestcarautoinsurance.com because it can offer free car insurance quote evaluation which can genuinely assist you in finding inexpensive car insurance. After obtaining the insurance quotes from different organizations, you can do a comparison manually.
Posted in: Uncategorized. Tagged: cheapest car insurance ? http://cheapestcarautoinsurance.com/ ? lowest car insurance
There are four types of insurance, financial insurance, personal insurance, property insurance, liability insurance.
First, FINANCIAL INSURANCE
This has to do with money or anything of that nature. This benefits the insurance policy for most business owners, executives, managers, etc. This insurance provides coverage to the employer against loss of money inadvertently or in a situation where an employee's employer wrong of certain amounts in its custody or things in connection with another incident / loss.
Other monetary policy of insurance, fidelity guarantee (also known as the guarantor of the vessel), a legal protection insurance credit insurance and business interruption insurance. All these have their different functions, which in some way related to monetary claims. As mentioned earlier, the insurance covers cash for the CEO, MD, etc. for loss of money, whether intentionally or by accident, into the custody of their employees or any other official of higher responsibility. This type of insurance covers that help their employees to compensate them.
Second, HEALTH INSURANCE
This involves all kinds of life insurance and accident. There are other types of personal insurance, and the purpose of each of them to meet the different needs of people in its aim to provide a future for themselves or for their dependents. Other subdivisions are for personal insurance: life insurance, accident and permanent health insurance social security.
These subdivisions have different similarities reaching the end to accomplish the same goal, such as life insurance, accident and health, this policy ensures that the policyholder unfortunately reached that resulted in permanent disability or death will still be able to care for your needs and your dependents on death.
Third, PROPERTY INSURANCE
Insurance includes property insurance coverage that any risk of loss or damage by fire, accident, theft or other risks that may arise. Below this, there are other subdivisions: car insurance, marine insurance, fire insurance, theft insurance, risk insurance cover special insurance.
In all these subdivisions of property insurance, insurance coverage respectively between them, there should be any damage or loss related to the type of policy.
Forth, LIABILITY INSURANCE
This offer covers the insured against legal liability to others. This can occur through the negligence of the insured does not have acted in a reasonable manner. These habits like crossing the street without looking good on both sides of the road that could cause an accident. This can also occur for illegal termination of the safety of another person in the enjoyment of property or through the intrusion is an illegal act committed by force or violence of another property person.
Liability insurance is also divided into the employer's responsibility to its employees and the public accountability of the insured. The two sub-divisions of liability insurance should explain to their respective commitment and responsibility as is usually the result of the demands, liability insurance covers claims only that the insured is legally liable.
In total, we hope that these explanations will give you a better idea of the direction to get what you want on the right thing to do while you take your insurance. But always make sure that you do nothing without first consulting your broker (who will take more time to share with you one-on-a policy that will be suitable for you) before going to any insurance company already know that the cost of insurance is less than what would be the cost of insurance because the cost of insurance to the manufacturer for example, is passed on to consumers as well as costs and other products Consumers benefit from the existence of insurance with discounted prices. So make sure you have insurance today.
Insurance company has started thousands of years ago, when merchants, who carried the goods over long distances with beasts of burden and the amount of money paid as compensation to investors, if their possessions were lost. During the following centuries of insurance has increased the number and complexity of insurance now is a great multi-billion dollar industry that spans the globe. Transatlantic feet of the dancer, the corporate profits of a family pet, not just anything, a major insurance company does not cover.
When planning to purchase insurance, it should be clear what was intended. The insurance can not protect from damage or loss. You can make amends after the damage occurred to help you recover and get back on their feet. Insurance services may not return to life to the loss of given the tools to create their own recovery. These tools are in one way - money. Insurance policies that you buy insurance and services available to all due to the amount you are entitled to claim under them. It may seem obvious that greater coverage in terms of amount of compensation available, the better. However, the wide range of insurance services and policies available and the costs associated with them means that unless you have an unlimited budget, insurance should be planned to be profitable.
Life Insurance Services will provide a good example of how important choosing the right insurance policy and coverage. A single person without dependents may feel he does not need life insurance than anyone else suffer financially if he died. But this may change in the future, and may be useful. Because age is a strong impact on premium costs, a policy of taking young, makes it cheaper. Even a longer duration of the policy, to reduce costs. So a person who has no family should consider getting life insurance to meet their future obligations in the most economical.
Then there is the question of what type of life insurance - permanent or temporary? Term insurance refers to a policy where if the insured dies during the term of the policy, the insured amount is payable to beneficiaries. But if he survives, the money paid in premiums is lost. In the case of life and death during the term of the policy will also result in the sum insured to pay, but if the insured survives, will be eligible for payment of the sum insured at the end of the policy period. It may seem that life is far more logical choice, but in reality it is a term insurance is life insurance most popular services. This is because the cost of these policies is much smaller than life and the goal is to cover the risk and not to register and make a profit to survive in politics.
The same variables of the cost of compensation are all kinds of personal and commercial insurance, and it's always good to study both the subject before you invest or ask an expert.
Comparing car insurance quotes online can help you get a handle on your household budget. After mortgage payments, rent and car insurance car takes more than a bite of the household budget than most other elements. Depending on your driving record, the state where you live and how you use your car, you can pay much more for your insurance than you should. If you have not done a complete overview
Former Microsoft evangelist builds accidental iPhone startup (Mike Swanson) - bit.ly/rvLxf3 
josefajardo 
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Public release date: 29-Nov-2011
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